{"id":194,"date":"2009-03-16T15:02:06","date_gmt":"2009-03-16T06:02:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/paulgoodchild.net\/blog\/?p=194"},"modified":"2011-11-23T00:10:11","modified_gmt":"2011-11-23T00:10:11","slug":"digital-photography-concepts-white-balance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/paulgoodchild.me\/blog\/digital-photography-concepts-white-balance\/","title":{"rendered":"Digital Photography Concepts: White Balance"},"content":{"rendered":"

Anyone who grew up in the UK will remember Daz<\/a>, whiter than white<\/em> advertisements; perhaps they still even persist.\u00a0 White was King when it came to washing powders and detergents.\u00a0 But what is white exactly?\u00a0 Silly question it may seem, but in digital photography it is far from trivial… here, too, white is king.<\/p>\n

You have enamel-white, pearl-white, snow-white, ivory … perhaps they’re not strictly speaking white<\/em>, but if you saw each of them contrasted with black, you’d probably almost swear they’re “white”.\u00a0 But they’re not.\u00a0 Compare side-by-side two pages of white printing paper from two different producers and after careful examination, one will likely be whiter than the other.\u00a0 But they’re both white, right…?<\/p>\n

White Balance (WB).\u00a0 What is it, and why do some photos look warm and cozy, while some make our subjects look like a recently thawed Ice-Queen, when the flash was turned on?\u00a0 This concept is one that I think is mostly significant with digital photography versus film, though it still plays a role in film-based development none-the-less.\u00a0 My focus is on digital photography in this post however.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Temperature of light and its effect<\/strong><\/p>\n

If you have a room in your house that has 2 different types of lighting, say one is tungsten while the other is fluorescent, I would like you to try a very quick experiment.\u00a0 Turn off all of one type; let’s start say with the fluorescent.\u00a0 You will notice a distinctly warm, orangey tinge to the room.\u00a0 It’s like candles or a blazing fire… it’s a warmer, cozy, more romantic feeling.\u00a0 Immediately turn all of these off and turn on only the fluorescent.\u00a0 The contrast should be very clear.\u00a0 It’s freezing cold looking.\u00a0 Items and people have a blueish tinge to them and this is how not<\/em> to set up a romantic date scene.\u00a0 That all said though, whatever way the room goes in terms of colour temperature<\/em>, your vision is not phased.\u00a0 You can see it all fine and after a few moments, you’ve adjusted and all is right again.\u00a0 You don’t normally notice the difference because your eyes-brain adjust and provide you with a picture that is adapted to the environment.\u00a0 It doesn’t put colour where it isn’t, but if there was a white object in the room under any temperature, you could point it out based on its relative hue (or rather complete lack of it) with the rest of the objects in the room.<\/p>\n

So what?\u00a0 Believe it or not, digital sensors cannot make that distinction.\u00a0 They cannot tell you what is white, grey or pure black – that is, any colour that has no intrinsic hue whatsoever.\u00a0 They have to guess what the colour temperature of the room is in order to digitally map out the natural colours it produces for the final image.<\/p>\n

For example, if you told the camera that you’re taking a photo in a room that has only fluorescent lights in it (i.e. it’s cold), it will interpret the image it saw accordingly, compensate for the blueish hue and map out the colours in such a way that they reflect the natural colours and items that were white, are in-fact white.\u00a0 Human skin tone is highly sensitive to this colour temperature in photographs and for photos with people in them, it is probably this factor more than anything that will make a picture look natural, or not.<\/p>\n

White balance setting in digital cameras<\/strong><\/p>\n

All digital cameras today come with some WB setting feature.\u00a0 At the very basic end of the spectrum, it will just provide you with automatic – the camera takes in a view of the picture to be taken, decides on the temperature of the scene and adjusts its colour as it finds appropriate.\u00a0 This is fine, but auto white balance in general sucks.\u00a0 The ability to accurately determine the appropriate temperature setting varies greatly between models and manufacturers also.<\/p>\n

You can usually set the scene for white balance using presets that are depicted using a series of icons for conditions you’re shooting under.\u00a0 There will usually be a picture of a cloud, the sun, lightning bolt (flash), shade, a fluorescent tube, and an tungsten bulb.\u00a0 These all point to an preset approximation for the temperature of a given scene and simply perform a pre-specified colour shift to compensate and help to ensure the whites are white.<\/p>\n

One experiment to try to bring this white balance concept a little clearer into focus and see how drastically it can affect your final photos, is to manually set your camera’s white balance to the “opposite” of the conditions you’re taking under.\u00a0 So, if it’s a tungsten-lit room, set the WB preset to ‘fluorescent’.\u00a0 You’re telling the camera the colours out there are cold, but in fact they’re very warm.\u00a0 The resultant photo will likely have their colours shifted very noticeably towards red and orange because the fluorescent filter would be compensating as you told it to.\u00a0\u00a0 Then take the same photo with the more accurate WB setting to compare the difference.\u00a0 And for the sake of testing your camera’s auto-WB function, see how it determines the scene and pick which is most appropriate.<\/p>\n

The point here is simply that the WB setting will significantly impact the colour of your photos.\u00a0 It can make a potentially great shot look pathetic because afterall, colour is what it’s all about and if you get it wrong it ruins the final result.\u00a0 This is most apparent with human skin tone… even slightly off, it makes people look a little unhealthy and unnatural, which is clearly not a desired result for say, portrait photography.<\/p>\n

Manual white balance setting<\/strong><\/p>\n

Depending on your camera model, you will have the option to not only set automatic and use preset white balance settings, but also specify the temperature exactly.\u00a0 The temperature is measured in kelvins<\/a> and oddly enough, the higher the temperature value, the cooler the colour.\u00a0 So that 5000K+ would be cooler green-blue, while 2000~3000K would be warmer.<\/p>\n

By using a piece of white\/gray card such that it reflects the light source of the room to completely fill the fram, using the WB function the camera will calibrate and adjust colour temperature accordingly.\u00a0 A quick search online will reveal much more details about how to set this up, but it isn’t difficult to do and you will find your photo’s colour reproduction improve dramatically.<\/p>\n

Camera RAW and white balance<\/strong><\/p>\n

If you’ve read my previous article<\/a> on Camera RAW, you will know that whichever setting you make for your white balance when you’re taking photos in RAW mode, wont actually make a difference to the end result.\u00a0 Why?\u00a0 Because with RAW you’re storing the data that hit the sensor and nothing more;\u00a0 this does not include any<\/em> post-processing and WB adjustments fall under this category.\u00a0 So is this an advantage?\u00a0 Definitely!\u00a0 It means that though your previews from the photos that you take in RAW mode might be slightly “off” in terms of true colour reproduction, since it’s RAW it doesn’t matter – you can set the best white balance you think fits in your post-processing workflow with no detrimental effects on the original photo.\u00a0 This would be very challenging <\/em>to do accurately with a JPEG image.<\/p>\n

An example<\/strong><\/p>\n

Below I have included a photograph that will highlight the difference in a photo’s white balance adjustment.\u00a0 The original was taken using RAW and the only adjustment in any picture was the temperature.\u00a0 On the far left is how I remember the scene, in the middle is the “daylight” preset, and on the right is the “cloudy” preset.<\/p>\n

\n

\n
\"London<\/a><\/dt>\n
Left: my interpretation; Middle: “daylight” preset; Right: “cloudy” preset<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n

You should hopefully be able to see the significance that getting the right colour temperature setting can make to the natural look of a picture.\u00a0 I believe daylight makes it just a little bit too cold, while cloudy over compensates and there is just too much orange\/red.\u00a0 Of course, as with any setting, you can make an artistic statement with exaggerated use of the white balance setting to create very warm scenes, and conversely very cold, barren landscapes for example.<\/p>\n

There is no right or wrong…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Anyone who grew up in the UK will remember Daz, whiter than white advertisements; perhaps they still even persist.\u00a0 White was King when it came to washing powders and detergents.\u00a0 But what is white exactly?\u00a0 Silly question it may seem, but in digital photography it is far from trivial… here, too, white is king. You […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[28,16,34,37],"class_list":["post-194","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-photography","tag-camera-raw","tag-digital-photography","tag-photography-concepts","tag-white-balance"],"yoast_head":"\nDigital Photography Concepts: White Balance - Plog - Paulie's Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/paulgoodchild.me\/blog\/digital-photography-concepts-white-balance\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Digital Photography Concepts: White Balance - Plog - Paulie's Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Anyone who grew up in the UK will remember Daz, whiter than white advertisements; perhaps they still even persist.\u00a0 White was King when it came to washing powders and detergents.\u00a0 But what is white exactly?\u00a0 Silly question it may seem, but in digital photography it is far from trivial… here, too, white is king. 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